Means for obtaining spherical relief in pictures



Aug. im, E923. A. E. EER''ELSON MEANS FOR OTAINING SPHERICAL RELIE-F IN PICTURES Filed Nov. 28 1921l A TTU/NVE YS To all whom t concern:

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AXEL E. BER'IELSON, OE CHICAGO, LLNOIS.

MEAS FOR OBTANING SPHERCAL RELEF 1N PICTURES.

lApplication filedy November` 28, 1921. ASerial No. 518.320.

Y followingis a full, clear, and exact description.

My inve'ntion'relatesto improvements in means for-obtaining spherical 'relief in pictures, Yand it consists in the combinations, constructions and arrangement herein described and claimed: f

An object of my invention is to provide a device of the character described, in which a picture .drawn upon a fiat surface having two dimensions may ybe viewed through a` transparent plate and given the appearance of alpictuie having three dimensions, the

third dimension representing depth.

A further object of my invention is to provide a device of lthe .character described, in which concave cylindrical lenses are employed of varying powers to produce virtual images of a transcription which appear to Vhave depth dependent upon the power of the lens.

Other objects and advantages will appear in thel following specication, and the novel features of the invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention is illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, forming part of this application, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation *ofl an ment of my invention, v

FigV 2 is a sectional view along 2-2 of Fig. 1,A

Fig. 3 is a sectional View along embodithe line the line V3 3 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a sectional view along 4 4 of Fig. 1.

In carrying out my invention, I make use of a substantially fiat screen 1 of card-board or any other suitable material. The screen 1 is preferably black and is adapted to have figures such as represented-by the lines 2, 3 and 4 Vdrawn thereon. These figures are drawn with single lines, either in white or in colors. No shading is used. Y

The screen 1 is provided with a substantially quadrangular frame 5, which encompasses the perimeter of the screen and is provided with recesses 6 in the side walls thereof, adapted to receive a glass lens member 7 ,Y

thev line The lens member 7 is disposed in substantially parallel relation to the screen 1 and hasone surface 8 which is plane. The .opposite surface 9' is provided with arcuate grooves corresponding axially lwith every line'drawn upon the screen 1, i. e., the lines 2, 3- and 14. The axiallines of the groove must bein eXa-ct registration with the lines drawn onl the screen 1. lt is welllrnownin' opticalscience that a concave lens will produce a virtual image and that the apparent position of that image will dependupon the power of the lens, i. e., if the cuvature of the depression of the lens is great, the image will appearto be far away, but if the curvature is only slight, the image will appear to be relatively near. Y

lt will thus be seen that if the line 2 is drawn as it is shown in Fig. 1 as a curved line, and that if the corresponding groove in the lens 7 is varied in its depth, as will be seen in the sectional view 2 and the dotted line 10 that this gradual increasing of the dept-li of the groove produces a concave cylindrical lens which gradually varies iii power as the depth of the Vgroove changes. Therefore, the curved line 2 will not appear as merely a curved line, but one end, in this case, the end 11, will appear to be farther away from the observer than the end 12, simply because the power of the concave cylinder over the end 11 is greater than the power of the concave cylinder above the end l2. To further illustrate this property, l have provided the line 3 over which is a groove 13. rl`he groove 13 is constant in itsv depth, as may be seen by reference to Fig. 3. The line seen by the observer will appear therefore to be in a fiat plane. Theline 4,y however, has in registration therewith a groove 14. The groove 14, as reference to Fig. 4 will show, varies in depth and therefore the'line 4 will appear to be farther away at its end 15 than at its end 16, since the groove 14 is deeper at its end 17 than at is end 18. The power of the concave cylindrical lens is greaterV at its end 17 than at its end 18.

l From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation thereof may be readily understood. Pictures of objects may be drawn upon the screen 1 in lines of uniform thickness vand the lens 7 prepared with grooves correspond-- ing and in vregister with the lines drawn upon the screen 1.- If depth is required in result.

the depth ofthe Arespective CorrespoiidingV grooves.

I claim 2 1. The'conibination with a fiat screen .havinge-aline drawn thereupon, of aA Substan-V tially Hat transparent plate iiioiiiitedzparallel *to said screen, said plate. having an arcuate groove in oiieusurface thereof having its axis"inlregistration with said line on'said screen, the curvature of said-arcuate groove being variable throughout its leiigth,therei by providing a concave cylindricallens of 'varying' power to producea differentially magnified .virtual image of the different por- Y tions of said line to cause certainrportioiis of said line 'to :appear atifi-diffferentv distances i'onitlie observer.

2. The combination with a flat screenhav Y ing' 'a pictorial illustration drawn-thereupon,

of a' substantially fiat glass plate inouiited'in parallel relation to s'fi'id jscieernl-s'aidY glass plate having. a plurality of'arcuate-g'rooves in one surface thereof, having. their Yaxial lines iii registrationivith the lines of theil-` Y .Y

Y Y y 30 f lindi'ical lenses so formed beingo 'gliigfereiit lustrationf on. saidfscreeii, said concave cypowers dependent'jupon the depthlvogthe l groove andv therefore producing differently magnified virtual images of the linesof said illustration to cause said lines toV appearat different distancesfroniithe observer;

AXEL nBEitTELeoN. j 

